小伙伴们,虽然AP考试报名费涨了,但今年同学们的AP考试报名热情依然异常火热。在以后的大学学习中,你想快速跳级么?有没有,担心以后的课程听不懂?想不想,节省时间在大学来学习其他专业?
那么,考AP是最好的选择。决定考AP的同学现在就要开始考试规划了。赶早不赶晚,准备考试要趁早哦!小伙伴们有没有因为一大波的托福,SAT或ACT考试而感到焦虑呢?一起来学习下AP心理学的心理防御机制吧。
Defense mechanisms: tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety
心理防御机制:指个体面临挫折或冲突的紧张情境时,在其内部心理活动中具有的自觉或不自觉地解脱烦恼、减轻内心不安,以恢复心理平衡与稳定的一种适应性倾向。
大家想一想,你在有压力的时候用以下哪种防御机制呢?每人选择几种心理防御机制,熟记于心,灵活运用。用身边的例子来理解我们所讲的心理防御机制。
DEFENSE | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLE |
Denial否认,不接受现实 | arguing against an anxiety provoking stimuli by stating it doesn't exist | denying that your physician's diagnosis of cancer is correct and seeking a second opinion |
displacement转移,间接满足 | taking out impulses on a less threatening target | slamming a door instead of hitting as person, yelling at your spouse after an argument with your boss |
projection投射,以己度人 | placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else | when losing an argument, you state "You're just Stupid;" homophobia |
rationalization合理化,自圆其说、找借口 | supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason | stating that you were fired because you didn't kiss up the the boss, when the real reason was your poor performance |
reaction formation反向形成,欲擒故纵 | taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety | having a bias against a particular race or culture and then embracing that race or culture to the extreme |
regression退行,回归童年 | returning to a previous stage of development | throwing a temper tantrum when you don't get your way |
repression压抑,竭力忘却 | pulling into the unconscious | forgetting sexual abuse from your childhood due to the trauma and anxiety |
sublimation升华,自我提升 | acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way | sublimating your aggressive impulses toward a career as a boxer; becoming a surgeon because of your desire to cut |
韩丽新,北京昌平新东方外国语学校教师。美国大学理事会AP心理学认证师,AP西班牙语、英美文学、美国历史认证师。国家二级心理咨询师,据北京塞万提斯学院中级西语和北京外国语大学英语翻译认证,善于总结考试规律,同时教授ACT、SAT、TOEFL、IELTS阅读等。
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(编辑:秦洁)