10年间,AP心理考试对大家还是如此深情。2006年与2016年的简答题与我们仿佛有种似曾相似燕归来的邂逅感觉,最后一题都是在问自我效能感这一术语。我们先注意一下考试的常见问题,再来一起感受下这两年的考题。
大题容易出现的问题及建议
1、术语知识准备不足。表现在对专业知识的理解不够熟练,因此,答题时缺少清晰解释。建议大家熟悉掌握巴郎教材中出现的词汇。
2、思维能力不强。表现在:一是审题不清,抓不住问题的中心和要点;二是答题思维混乱,层次不清,没有依据。答题之前要写提纲---找出本题目是关于哪个学科的哪个章节,在草稿纸上写下此章节内可能与本题有联系的基本概念及例子。对跨章节题目,要注意思维的发散性。
3、理论不会结合材料。理论联系实际是心理学的生命,缺少对原材料的理解,不能有效应用。阅读材料时,可以边读边用铅笔标注,对核心事件或者关键词,在下面画线,以备答题时直接应用,避免大量的重复阅读。
4、时间把握不好,不能有效利用时间。考前一定要限时练习,找到自己的答题节奏。不要觉得自己会了就可以了,小伙伴们一定要勤动手。记住每道题只有25分钟哦。
i Self-efficacy
ii Many people engage in superstitious behavior, such as wearing lucky socks, in the belief that the superstitious behavior will lead to improved performance.
Explain how a superstitious belief might be related to a higher level of self-efficacy.
1.首先要回答理论部分,要求准确选择与解题有关的基础知识。尽量用术语或同义转述,此部分是命题的出发点、这一部分答好了,就能为下一步解题做好铺垫。
自我效能感是班杜拉提出的一个概念,是指一个人对能成功地执行任何特定行动任务的期待。换句话说,对自己是否有能力完成某一行为所进行的推测与判断。
As we learned before, Albert Bandura is best known for his pioneering work on the concept of self-efficacy. According to Bandura, self-efficacy refers to the strength or one`s belief in one`s own ability to complete tasks and reach goals. In other words, it means the feeling of self-confidence or self-doubt that people bring to a specific situation. Self-efficacy varies from situation to situation. For example, a student could have a high degree of self-efficacy in psychology, and a low degree of self-efficacy in economics. It is interesting to note that self-efficacy and achievement motivation are highly correlated with success in life.
2.其次要联系材料应用。
In this situation, when Zoey makes decisions to buy a new car, whether he has self-efficacy matters. If he has a strong belief about his judgment ability, he will be very convinced about his decision-making, his self-efficacy will increase. On the contrary, if he does not, his self-efficacy will decrease.
As for superstitious behaviors, when one believes that wearing lucky socks could bring good results. Superstitious beliefs boost one`s belief that they complete a certain task. For example, if people have lucky socks, they may have belief that they will have an increase in the exam score. So their confidence will be increased. However, from the perspective of Bandura, increased confidence in their capability should not be attributed to the lucky socks, but people`s beliefs.
作者简介:韩丽新, 北京昌平新东方外国语学校教师。美国大学理事会AP心理学认证师,AP西班牙语、英美文学、美国历史认证师。国家二级心理咨询师,据北京塞万提斯学院中级西语和北京外国语大学英语翻译认证,善于总结考试规律,同时教授ACT、SAT、TOEFL、IELTS阅读等。
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